Dental students’ ability to detect maxillary sinus abnormalities: A comparison between panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography

To compare the diagnostic ability of undergraduate dental students to detect maxillary sinus abnormalities in panoramic radiographs (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study based on the evaluation of PR and CBCT images. A pilot study was conducted to determine the number of students eligible to participate in the study. The images were evaluated by 2 students, and 280 maxillary sinuses were assessed using the following categories: normal, mucosal thickening, sinus polyp, antral pseudocyst, nonspecific opacification, periostitis, antrolith, and antrolith associated with mucosal thickening. The reference standard was established by the consensus of 2 oral radiologists based on the CBCT images. The kappa test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test were employed. Results: Intraobserver and interobserver reliability showed agreement ranging from substantial (0.809) to almost perfect (0.922). The agreement between the students' evaluations and the reference standard was reasonable (0.258) for PR and substantial (0.692) for CBCT. Comparisons of values of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy showed that CBCT was significantly better (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CBCT was better than PR for the detection of maxillary sinus abnormalities by dental students. However, CBCT should only be requested after a careful analysis of PR by students and more experienced professionals493191199sem informaçãosem informaçã

Fatores associados ao atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer bucal: revisão integrativa de literatura

Oral cancer is a relevant health problem and has a high incidence and mortality rate. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are considered the main risk factors for its occurrence. Despite advances related to detection, diagnosis, and treatment most patients are still diagnosed with the disease at an advanced stage. The aim of this paper is to establish the main factors related to the delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The articles were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, considering the following DeCS: delayed oral cancer; delayed diagnosis of oral cancer; oral cancer young patients and hpv oral cancer patients. As a criterion of inclusion, full-text articles were delimited. Publications unrelated to the theme delimitation and aim of the research were excluded. As a result, 513 articles were found: 118 were entirely read and 96 were finally selected for the research, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data indicate that the delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer is common and occurs due to patient delay, delay by health professional and treatment, but specially by patient delay. Early diagnosis is the most effective way of reducing mortality rates and improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients with oral cancer. Strategies with the aim to reduce late diagnosis should be implemented.Introdução: O câncer bucal é apontado como um problema de saúde relevante e apresenta alta taxa de incidência e mortalidade. O consumo de tabaco e álcool são considerados os principais fatores de risco para sua ocorrência. Apesar dos avanços relacionados a detecção, diagnóstico e tratamento, grande parte dos pacientes ainda é diagnosticada com a doença em estágio avançado. Objetivo: Estabelecer os principais fatores associados ao atraso no diagnóstico do câncer bucal. Material e Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, com os descritores: delayed oral cancer; delayed diagnosis oral cancer; oral cancer young patients; e HPV oral cancer patients. Como critérios de inclusão, foram delimitados artigos completos e disponíveis integramente. Publicações não relacionadas a delimitação do tema e ao objetivo do estudo foram excluídas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 513 artigos, dos quais 118 foram lidos na íntegra e 96 por fim selecionados, conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados indicaram que o atraso no diagnóstico do câncer bucal é frequente e relacionado ao atraso pelo paciente, atraso pelo profissional de saúde e atraso no tratamento, com destaque ao atraso pelo paciente. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce é o meio mais eficaz de reduzir as taxas de mortalidade e melhorar o prognóstico e qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer bucal. Dessa forma, estratégias que objetivam a redução de diagnósticos realizados tardiamente devem ser consideradas

Waardenburg syndrome type I: dental phenotypes and genetic analysis of an extended family

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of inheritance and the clinical features in a large family with Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1), detailing the dental abnormalities and screening for PAX3 mutations. Material and Methods: To characterize the pattern of inheritance and clinical features, 29 family members were evaluated by dermatologic, ophthalmologic, otorhinolaryngologic and orofacial examination. Molecular analysis of the PAX3 gene was performed. Results: The pedigree of the family,including the last four generations, was constructed and revealed non-consanguineous marriages. Out of 29 descendants, 16 family members showed features of WS1, with 9 members showing two major criteria indicative of WS1. Five patients showed white forelock and iris hypopigmentation, and four showed dystopia canthorum and iris hypopigmentation. Two patients had hearing loss. Dental abnormalities were identified in three family members, including dental agenesis, conical teeth and taurodontism. Sequencing analysis failed to identify mutations in the PAX3 gene. Conclusions: These results confirm that WS1 was transmitted in this family in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expressivity and high penetrance. The presence of dental manifestations, especially tooth agenesis and conical teeth which resulted in considerable aesthetic impact on affected individuals was a major clinical feature. Clinical relevance: This article reveals the presence of well-defined dental changes associated with WS1 and tries to establish a possible association between these two entities showing a new spectrum of WS

Contribution of polymorphisms in genes associated with craniofacial development to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Brazilian population

Background and Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. One strategy for identifying of possible NSCL/P genetic causes is to evaluate polymorphic variants in genes involved in the craniofacial development. Design: We carried out a case-control analysis of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 genes related to craniofacial development, including TBX1, PVRL1, MID1, RUNX2, TP63, TGFB3, MSX1, MYH9 and JAG2 , in 367 patients with NSCL/P and 413 unaffected controls from Brazil to determine their association with NSCL/P. Results: Four out of 13 polymorphisms (rs28649236 and rs4819522 of TBX1, rs7940667 of PVRL1 and rs1057744 of JAG2 ) were presented in our population. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies revealed that the G variant allele and the AG/GG genotypes of TBX1 rs28649236 occurred in a frequency significantly higher in controls than in the NSCL/P group (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.67; p=0.0002). The frequencies of rs4819522, rs7940667 and rs1057744 minor alleles and genotypes were similar between control and NSCL/P group, without significant differences. No significant associations among cleft types and polymorphisms were observed. Conclusion: The study suggests for the first time evidences to an association of the G allele of TBX1 rs28649236 polymorphism and NSCL/P

[study Of Patients With Cleft Lip And Palate With Consanguineous Parents].

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are the most common congenital anomalies of the face. CL/P are non-syndromic (CL/PNS) in about 70% of subjects. To describe clinical cases of non-syndromic CL/P (CL/PNS) associated with consanguinity, diagnosed at a reference hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to correlate these alterations with possible risk factors. SERIES AND METHODS: A retrospective study at a reference hospital for craniofacial deformities in Minas Gerais, Brazil from 2006 to 2009 based on data in medical records. Of 246 CL/PNS cases diagnosed and treated at the institution, 15 (6.1%) were CL/PNS with reported first-degree consanguinity; 73.3% occurred in males. Four of 15 patients had complete right cleft palate and lip (CLP), 4 presented complete cleft palate and lip (right and left), 3 had complete unilateral left CLP, 3 had isolated cleft palate, and 1 presented cleft lip only. Among the risk factors, only three mothers reported smoking during pregnancy. CLP (unilateral or bilateral) were more frequent in the group with a history of first-degree consanguinity; males predominated. Among the risk factors, only smoking was observed in three cases.7719-2

O uso da metodologia ativa Summaê em um curso de graduação de Odontologia: relato de experiência

Introduction: The use of active methodologies has become an increasingly efficient tool in undergraduate courses. Its ability to transform the classroom into a motivating environment makes the student take a leading role in the teaching-learning process, making the transmission of learning more dynamic and practical. Objective: To describe the application of an active teaching-learning methodology, called Summaê, in students of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus (UFJF/GV). Experience report: The activity was developed with students from the Academic League of Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology. Divided into pairs, the students had to make a creative video with a question that covered the academic league's areas of interest. With each video, the question presented was answered on a sheet. The answers were later corrected by a panel of teachers who were also responsible for judging the videos on display. The event environment was previously prepared with a specific theme, and students and teachers were required to wear hats. The best hats, videos and student responsible for the most hits were awarded. Conclusion: The application of a methodology that allows broad student participation in the educational process, coupled with the creation of the playful environment, facilitated the teaching-learning process and led the students to be transported to a different atmosphere from the traditional classroom making the environment more playful, relaxed and less formal.Introdução: O uso de metodologias ativas vem se tornando uma ferramenta cada vez mais eficiente nos cursos de graduação. A sua capacidade de transformar a sala de aula em um ambiente motivador, faz com que o discente assuma papel principal no processo ensino-aprendizado, tornando a transmissão de aprendizado mais dinâmica e prática. Objetivo: Descrever a aplicação de uma metodologia ativa de ensino-aprendizagem, denominada Summaê, em discentes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares (UFJF/GV). Relato de Experiência: A atividade foi desenvolvida com discentes integrantes da Liga Acadêmica de Cirurgia e Patologia Maxilofacial. Divididos em duplas, os alunos tiveram que elaborar um vídeo criativo com um questionamento que abrangesse as áreas de interesse da Liga Acadêmica. A cada vídeo, a questão apresentada era respondida em uma folha. As repostas posteriormente foram corrigidas por uma banca de professores, que também eram responsáveis por julgar os vídeos expostos. O ambiente do evento foi previamente preparado com um tema específico, sendo que os alunos e professores tinham como obrigatoriedade o uso de chapéus. Os melhores chapéus, vídeos e discente responsável pelo maior número de acertos foram premiados. Conclusão: A aplicação de uma metodologia que permite ampla participação do aluno no processo educativo, aliado a criação do ambiente lúdico, facilitou o processo ensino-aprendizado e fez com que os estudantes fossem transportados para uma atmosfera diferente da sala de aula tradicional, tornando o ambiente mais lúdico, descontraído e menos formal

Pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana: percepção sobre atendimento odontológico

Objective: To assess the perception people living with the human immunodeficiency virus have in relation to the occurrence of discriminatory attitudes during dental care. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted with people living with the human immunodeficiency virus undergoing treatment in a reference center in the city of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January to July 2019. The study included 25 participants, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The collected data were subjected to Thematic Content Analysis and the categories that emerged included fear of disclosing the diagnosis to the health care professional and health care professionals’ refusal to provide care. Results: Among the interviewees, there was a perception of trust in disclosing serological status to the professional, but there were also some who hid it. Certain insecurity was noted in dentists while delivering dental treatment, and there were some discriminatory attitudes in the office and even refusal to deliver care. Conclusion: There was a perception of discriminatory behavior and difficulties in obtaining dental care among the people living with the human immunodeficiency virus analyzed in the present study. In addition, there was fear of disclosing the diagnosis to the dentist, and some hid it.Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de la persona que vive con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana sobre la ocurrencia de actitudes de discriminación durante la atención odontológica. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado con personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y en tratamiento en un centro de referencia de la ciudad de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil, en el periodo entre enero y julio de 2019. Se ha incluido 25 participantes en el estudio utilizándose de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se ha realizado el análisis de contenido temático de los datos recogidos de los cuales emergieron las categorías que han incluido el miedo de la información del diagnóstico para el profesional sanitario y el rechazo de la atención de parte de los profesionales sanitarios. Resultados: Entre los entrevistados, hubo la percepción de confianza para dar la información de su condición serológica al profesional aunque también haya ocurrido la omisión de información. Se ha percibido cierta inseguridad relacionada al cirujano-odontólogo para la realización del tratamiento lo que incluye las actitudes de discriminación en el consultorio hasta el rechazo de la atención. Conclusión: Entre las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana investigadas en el estudio, hubo la percepción de conductas de discriminación y dificultades para conseguir la atención odontológica además del miedo para informar su diagnóstico al cirujano-odontólogo, omitiéndolo.Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção da pessoa vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana sobre a ocorrência de atitudes discriminatórias em atendimento odontológico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e em tratamento em um centro de referência, na cidade de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de janeiro a julho de 2019. Foram incluídos 25 participantes no estudo, tendo sido realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e, a partir daí, as categorias que emergiram incluíram o receio da informação do diagnóstico ao profissional de saúde e a recusa de atendimento por profissionais da saúde. Resultados: Entre os entrevistados, houve percepção de confiança para informação de sua condição sorológica ao profissional, embora também tenha ocorrido omissão dela. Foi percebida certa insegurança relacionada ao cirurgião-dentista na realização do tratamento odontológico, incluindo atitudes discriminatórias no consultório e até recusa de atendimento. Conclusão: Entre as pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana investigadas no presente estudo, houve percepção de condutas discriminatórias e dificuldades para conseguirem atendimento odontológico, além do receio de informar seu diagnóstico ao cirurgião-dentista, omitindo-o